By 1804 the area was again placed under imperial control by the local militia. The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. [citation needed], For the 14th-century rebellion also related to the White Lotus, see, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 03:10, "Civilians Go into Battle: Hired Militias in the White Lotus War, 17961805", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Lotus_Rebellion&oldid=1139241640, Dai, Yingcong. [6], The Qing commanders sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. Under the Ming and the Qing, the movement existed in small, secret congregations and its doctrines were spread through baojuan ("precious volumes . However, the date of retrieval is often important. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Eventually, the rebellion was crushed by the Qing elites; but the White Lotus organization remained secret and intact, and advocated for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty. Corrections? (present perfect, tell). White Lotus Rebellion - Wikiwand The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion that occurred during the Qing Dynasty of China. White Lotus - Wikiwand ", Dai, Yingcong. Eventually, the rebellion was crushed by the Qing elites; but the White Lotus organization remained secret and intact, and advocated for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. There the foreign powers essentially controlled trade and the military, although technically they remained part of Qing China. ." Alternate titles: Bailianjiao, Pai-lien chiao, San Jos State University - The White Lotus Religion in China. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. As one Qing official complained:[6], "The rebels are all our own subjects. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. Decline and Fall of China Yuan Dynasty White Lotus - Wikipedia Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. In 2014, with the publication of White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates: Crisis and Reform in the Qing Empire (2014), Wensheng Wang challenged the perception of the Jiaqing reign (1796-1802) as a "dead middle hiatus" between its past and present by arguing that the emperor successfully carried out policy reforms that readjusted the priorities of governance and enabled the dynasty to . Since the 1340s, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was experiencing problems. "Rebellion and Religious Identity: The Case of the White Lotus Uprising (17961804)", This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 03:10. Because of the brutality of the Qing troops, however, the troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion."[7]. They are not like some external tribe . XIX Century Civil Wars. The White Lotus War - University of Washington Press //]]>. A White Lotus rebellion known as the Red Turban Uprising helped Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, capture Beijing, but he turned against the group once he had achieved imperial power. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. "Broken Passage to the Summit: Nayanchengs Botched Mission in the White Lotus War." Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. How did the Rebellion impact Qing society? The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. Snow Lotus | Frisco TX - Facebook https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608 (accessed March 4, 2023). Omissions? The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. "Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History." The Emperor Qianlong (Ch'ien-lung) (reigned 173599) sent Helin, brother to the infamously corrupt eunuch Heshen and Fukangan, related by marriage to the Emperor, to quell the uprising. Barend Joannes Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. When the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) occurred, the dynasty was forced to turn to peasant soldiers to suppress the rebels in central and southern China, since the regular army lacked the necessary strength and morale. One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas which were found in the scriptures which expressed orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. - the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion in 1805 using a combination of military and social policies. "[5] Southern Shensi, with its great amounts of vacant land, attracted immigrants on a large scale after severe famines and crop failures had occurred in Hupeh and Szechwan provinces in the 1770s. The White Lotus War (1796-1804) in central China marked the end of the Qing dynasty's golden age and the fatal weakening of the imperial system itself. When Chinese peasants raised a huge anti-foreigner movement in 1900, called the Boxer Rebellion, they initially opposed both the Qing ruling family and the European powers (plus Japan). The Tipng Rebellion (1850-1864), a large-scale uprising that started in southern China, marched within miles of the capital in 1853. White Lotus Rebellion | Infoplease - Fact Monster The History of White Lotus Rebellion - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. What should be done with these revolutionary cultists? It was an organized religion, which was once popular in Yuan Dynasty. https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion, "White Lotus Rebellion "The Great Yn: China's Last Imperial Dynasty" WIP White Lotus Rebellion Flashcards | Quizlet By 1900, foreign powers including Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan had established "spheres of influence" along China's coastal areas. The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912. This signaled the beginning of the end for the Qing dynasty. It apparently began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society that forecast the advent . Welcome to White Lotus Dental: At White Lotus Dental our goal is to provide the highest quality dental care in a comfortable, relaxed and friendly environment. During the Qing dynasty, inventions continued to emerge despite the turbulent uprisings and conflicts such as the White Lotus Rebellion, the First Opium War, and the Taiping Rebellion. [9] The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Snow Lotus is your One stop shop for exclusive Antique Silver Artifacts & Authentic Silver in Dallas. - marked a turning point in the history of the Qing dynasty. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. A decree from the Emperor Daoguang admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" Using the arrest of sectarian members as a threat, local officials and police extorted money from people. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. Exploring Chinese History :: Politics :: Rebellion and Revolution During much of that time, China was the single, undisputed superpower in East Asia, with neighboring lands such as Korea, Vietnam, and an often-reluctant Japan trailing in its cultural wake. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[9]. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the densely forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless peasant refugees(liumin, see also shed people) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures used by the religious groups. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. The rules of Emperor Kangxi from 1661 to 1772 and Emperor Qianlong from 1735 to 1796 were still considered the golden age of prosperity. Completely unprepared for such an onslaught, the Qing dynasty lost, and Britain imposed unequal treaties and took control of the Hong Kong region, along with millions of pounds of silver to compensate the British for the lost opium. The balance of power had tipped decidedly away from the imperial court and toward the foreign powers. Eventually, the Qing armies and the peasants united, but they were unable to defeat the foreign powers. White Lotus Rebellion | Encyclopedia.com Ordinary Han Chinese felt little loyalty to the Qing rulers, who still presented themselves as conquering Manchus from the north. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. [3] According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas found in the scriptures with orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. It apparently began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society that forecast the advent of the Buddha, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. By 1387, after more than thirty years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang had liberated all of China. In particular, the court marked itself off from its subjects in certain religious, linguistic, ritual, and social characteristics, always presenting themselves as outside conquerors. Tibet has been an independent country throughout the historical period and since time immemorial according to Tibetans' own myth-based sense of, Xinjiang (shnjyng) or Sinkiang (shnjyng, snkyng) [Chinese,=new frontier], officially Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Mandarin Xinjiang U, For more information on Chinese history and culture, seeVol. The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). White Lotus Dental - Frisco, TX - Nextdoor In China, the Qing Dynasty had just put down the White Lotus Rebellion, a tax protest that ultimately killed about 16 million people a reminder that mass death and population growth don't . Chien-lung The British under Queen Victoria were a huge market for Chinese teas, but the Qing refused to engage in trade negotiations, rather demanding that Britain pay for the tea in gold and silver. 10 New Religions That Were Mercilessly Crushed - Listverse The first Chinese immigrant to the United Sta, boxer Alissa, Clarissa, kisser, Larissa, Marisa, Melissa, Orissa, reminiscer fixer, mixer, sixer convincer, mincer, pincer, rinser, wincer Amrits, White Lafitte Jos (Silvestre de los Dolores), White House Correspondents' Association Dinner 2006 Speech, White Hot: The Mysterious Murder of Thelma Todd, White Nights (Belye Nochi) by Fedor Dostoevskii, 1848, https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. Update now. ThoughtCo. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. After the strnggle had lasted six years, Lin Chi-hich was captunredd. The White Lotus Secret Society and the Demise of Mongol Rule in China One of the tools they used to stay in power was a very strict restriction on trade.