WATCH: Sole survivor of Chino Hills murders describes what. When it opened in 1941 it was known as The Prison Without Walls. Its first warden, Kenyon Scudder, believed in education and rehabilitation. "I want to know if he really did it," he says. July 24, 2021 / 9:13 PM Both the button and the sheath were clearly planted in the Lease house. Austin Hill took the lead with one lap to go and won Saturday's 300-mile Xfinity Series race at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Theft did not appear to be a motive for the killings. It is obviously not Cooper's and if not Jessica's, the hair may belong to another killer. It is then that things really heat up. In most ways it is the exact opposite of its glitzy neighbor to the west. I certainly thought so. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Even though Josh suffered injuries and had his throat cut, he miraculously survived. Now, thanks to the spellbinding new book, Scapegoat, by J. Patrick OConnor, many, many more people will hopefully know his story too. Oh well, we can always change that. The three-bedroom, two-bath house featured a sunken living room, a family room, and a Jacuzzi in the patio off the master bedroom. Trade Count: Hero Member; Posts: 597; Rep: -56; ollies r teh fun; SLAP OG : Been around since SLAP was a mag. Norfolk Southern train derails in Springfield, Ohio, At least 12 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest, Trump speaks at CPAC after winning straw poll, Grizzlies star Ja Morant to miss at least 2 games after alleged gun incident, How Paul Murdaugh testified "from the grave" to help convict his father, Man charged for alleged involvement in 2 transformer explosions, Promising drug could provide alternative to statins, new study finds, Iran to allow more inspections at nuclear sites, U.N. says, NTSB to investigate in-flight turbulence that left 1 passenger dead, California Dept. The autopsy reports stated that more than one-hundred-forty wounds, twenty-eight fractures, and two amputations were inflicted on the four murder victims. As painful as the memories are, what Josh struggles with today is what he can't remember. Suffice it to say, this book is well worth reading. Please enter valid email address to continue. He even stated that he spotted one of the attackers, although he could not identify him. When the Ryens neighbors in Santa Ana began to complain persistently about Peggy keeping her horses in her backyard, Dr. Howell bought a four-bedroom house in Chino Hills with six acres so the horses could be kept there. He told Josh to just lie there. In a shocking example of prosecutorial overreach, the District Attorney, Dennis Kottmeier had the crime scene torn down after only a couple of days of investigation. But the misconduct isnt over. He cleaned and sutured the wound. Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of California. It was like something you see in a Helter Skelter movie. Theres five of them, and I just know that they didnt stand in line saying, Im next. Only onesingle drop of blood thatmatched Coopers blood type was found in the house. In reviewing the crime scene the day the murders were discovered, Detective John Clifford saw no signs of ransacking. But the hair needs to be tested.". Their goal was to cover all aspects of true crime: Read More, Contents Copyright 1998-2020 by Crime Magazine | J. Patrick O'Connor Editor | E-mail CrimeMagazine.com, Designed by Orman. First, one person could not possibly have wielded that many weapons and subdue that many people. Hughes went around to peer through a sliding glass door into the Ryens master bedroom. She called out several names but got no response. But unlike a Grisham novel or other true crime books of this ilk, OConnor doesnt just relay the story, he also spends a lot of time critiquing events and pointing out where things went wrong. Where we are now we should call it Backyard Arabians! Look out a window and see a horse looking back at you but we love it, Peggy wrote. Deputies searched the Ryen home on June 6, the day after the crime, and found no evidence connecting Cooper to the case. The San Bernardino Valley includes the cities of Chino, Chino Hills, Colton, Fontana, Grand Terrace, Hesperia, Highland, Loma Linda, Ontario, Rancho Cucamonga, Redlands, Rialto, San Bernardino, Upland, and Yucaipa. On the night of the crime, Josh Ryen and his best friend, Christopher Hughes were having a sleepover at Joshs house. Her autopsy reported eight separate stabbing wounds to her right forearm and four to her right hand and wrist. Ruben Guerrero, a fire department medic, put some Vaseline on Joshs neck wound, then gauzed and bandaged it. In 2001, Kevin Cooper successfully petitioned to have DNA tests done on key pieces of evidence from the case. After searching the hideout house a second time, deputies also recovered a hatchet sheath there. "I say this with all the confidence in the world," he says. It's so small it can't be seen in this photograph from the scene. He uses the facts of the story to reconstruct it in such a way as to build a tension-filled legal thriller in the vein of John Grisham. Also suggesting that Doug actively resisted the attack were a number of defensive-type wounds slashed into both of his arms, one of them fracturing the ulna of his right forearm above his wrist. "Waking up, seeing them in the same room, sticks in my head more than anything else," says Josh, who remembers hiding in a closet until he heard his best friend Chris yell his name. There is so much more to discuss on this case that I do not have the space to get into here. On several issues, particularly those regarding his criminal record previous to the Chino Hills trial, I found him protective and less than forthcoming. It was produced by Ryen McPherson, with friends Zachary Bubeck, Kevin Zinter, Daniel J. Tanner, and Michael Slyman, as Indecline Films. Josh Rosen was supposed to be the most NFL-ready quarterback prospect in the 2018 NFL Draft. At present, Josh Ryen chooses to live a private life. By the mid-1970s, Chino Hills was still unincorporated with less than twenty-thousand residents. How Paul Murdaugh testified "from the grave" to help convict his father But the. Josh is known for his impressive height, standing at 6ft 2ins (1.91m) tall. Further evidence suggesting there had been three killers emerged when police located three murder weapons. I don't remember the exact words that Josh used in his lesson, but I'm still thinking about the question he raised. It is larger than nine U.S. states and is larger in area than Maryland, Delaware, Rhode Island and Massachusetts combined. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Many of the wounds to Jessica Ryen were meted out post-mortem. But Josh, who just turned 29, is finally breaking his silence. This is a review of Scapegoat: The Chino Hills Murders and the Framing of Kevin Cooper by J. Patrick O'Connor, published in 2012 by Strategic Media Books. He majored in business administration. The blood line of our one mare is a very valuable cross and the foals are going for $20,000 or so. As of March 2019, further executions are . The Pearl Harbor star told Channel Seven's. Although Josh was a child at the time of the murder, he did his best to help law enforcement officers search for his parents killers. Further down the road from the Ryen home, authorities found a blood-stained tan T-shirt and a towel believed to come from the Ryen home. Does California still execute prisoners? Three hours and 42 minutes before midnight, a federal appellate court stayed the execution and saved Kevin Cooper's life. "There's something that reminds me of my sister, my mom and my dad and my friend Chris.". Oddly, all four fingertips of his left hand were lightly touching the edge of the waterbed on his side of the bed. Four people were brutally murdered in Chino Hills, California, in 1983. In 2000, correspondent Erin Moriarty began reporting on the case for "48 Hours," after getting a letter from Kevin Cooper saying he'd been framed for murder. Inside, he found Douglas and Peggy Ryen, their 10-year-old daughter Jessica and his own son dead. In a revealing interview with The Guardian, the 43-year-old actor opened up about the skyrocketing fame he experienced in his early twenties and its inevitable downside. The little finger of her left hand was cut to the bone. He then rolled Josh over on his back and attempted to start an IV but could not locate a vein in his arm. "They are supposed to care about justice, aren't they? Forty-one-year-old Doug Ryen was found slumped kneeling against his bed, the victim of thirty-seven hatchet and knife wounds. "I feel empty in a way, but I have my grandmother. The blood drain pattern running from her right thigh to her right foot indicated to the medical examiner, Dr. Irving Root, that she was standing when she incurred that wound. My first step was to read and notate the trial transcripts, documents of over eight-thousand pages. I'll never be satisfied until I do.". None were found to match Kevin Cooper. After her divorce from actor Dennis Quaid in 2001, rumors swirled that the couple split because of Ryan's affair with her Proof of Life co-star Russell Crowe. Contrary to its title, the video does not depict homeless men actually fighting, but instead a compilation of street fights caught on tape and homeless men performing in skits and stunts. Over the years, his wealth has increased, and it is now estimated at $5 million. "I wish I could remember," he says. An ice pick was also used. He and his friend, Christopher, then went to investigate the matter and found the rest of his family murdered. Hughes tried to enter through the glass door, but couldnt budge it. Kevin Cooper was a serial burglar who had escaped from a nearby prison two days before the murders. He entered the master bedroom and called out to Josh. Josh, nearly 9 at the time of the murders, recalls being awakened by what he believes was his mother's scream. A few years ago, Josh Freeman was the talk of the league. But for veteran crime writer and crusading editor J. Patrick OConnor, the factsor a lack of themdidnt add up. Josh told police that he was woken up in the middle of the night by the sound of his mothers screams. }, First published on October 26, 2000 / 12:11 AM. I do believe that if there is any justice, people need to look at my case. On the night of November 29, 1988, near the impoverished Marlborough neighborhood in south Kansas City, an explosion at a construction site killed six of the citys firefighters. For the young man who lost his mother, father and sister in one night of unspeakable horror, the ocean has always been a sanctuary - the only place where Josh Ryen can escape the questions that. But the next day, after learning of Coopers past, a bloody green button from a prison uniform materialized on the floor along with a hatchet sheath Deputies claimed they had not entered that room before. At 11 a.m. she drove the short distance to the Ryens house, went to the front door and knocked. When he's not working on his job in construction, he's often alone at the beach or riding his motorcycle. Finally, I read all of the appeals and the judicial rulings. This book is fantastic for a few different reasons. After the conclusion of the last episode of Star Trek: Voyager in May of 2001 Jeri's career didn't stand still for one moment. The first is that OConnor is simply a talented writer. Nicholas Kristof, an opinion columnist at the New York Times, began writing about the case in 2010. And did he act alone? Tom Sizemore, the brilliant but troubled character actor who was a staple of Hollywood cinema in the '90s and early aughts, passed away on Friday after suffering a stroke caused . Josh, the Ryens' son, lay for hours next to his dead . Josh Lucas' first high profile role was in the 1993 Frank Marshall survival film Alive, an Ethan Hawke-starrer that recounted the horrifying tragedy of a Uruguayan rugby team whose plane had crashed in the Andes. It gives an inside view of not just how one man was railroaded and could be murdered by the state for a crime he didnt commit, but its also a glimpse into the very real way that this racist scapegoating happened and continues to happen throughout the criminal justice system. Immediately after "Drake & Josh," Peck landed some pretty iconic voice-acting roles that only further accelerated his career. display: block; Finishes: The Missouri Mauler, Bette Clark. Jan 2, 2017. It won't come back to me, though.". Scared, Josh tried to hide, but Christopher was caught. It is the true story of the Chino Hills murders, and the prosecution of Kevin Cooper, a prisoner who escaped once too often and found himself in the wrong place at the wrong time. "I think it was a screwdriver that they said punctured my back, my lung, broke three ribs.". From the Campaign to End the Death Penalty March 2013. Over the preceding ten years, escapes had occurred with unsettling frequency, ranging from eight to thirty per year. After being raised by his maternal grandmother, Josh spent months following his family and best friends murder and cooperating with police. March 4, 2023. Like her mother, Peggy attended the Palmer School of Chiropractic in Davenport, Iowa, graduating in 1963 and then joined her mothers chiropractic clinic in Santa Ana. They received over 144 wounds in four . I need to know.". For starters, Josh Ryen initially told police that he saw three white men inside the house. His defense attorney Norman Hile believes authorities planted Cooper's DNA using blood they collected when he was arrested in 1983. Prior to starring on the show, he also appeared on the long-running TV sitcom . Contrary to popular belief, most of the nations more than three-thousand-five-hundred death row inmates do not profess innocence. I want the truth. ", "We're seeking the truth. And it was never established that the sheath matched the hatchet that was used in the crime. Josh Hutcherson already had a bank of successful movies under his belt when he became Peeta Mellark. I wish I could remember it just wont come back to me though. Nevertheless, hes held firm to his belief that Cooper is responsible for his familys murder, despite initially telling police he saw three white men in the house. Doug and Peggy Ryen, both nude, had also been stabbed to death, and the bloody corpse of their 10-year-old daughter, Jessica, was in a doorway. It is the largest county in the continental United States, encompassing over twenty-thousand square miles that sprawl from the Riverside-San Bernardino area to the Nevada border and the Colorado River. A state expert analyzed a single drop of blood from the Ryen home, found in the hallway, away from the gory crime scene. It is not humanly possible. Since 1985, he has been on death row at San Quentin asserting his innocence in failed-after-failed appeal while awaiting his execution. A somewhat worrisome aspect of life in Chino Hills is the presence of a major state prison located just three miles away with over four-thousand convicted felons. Could've played a year or two longer but was ready to move on with life. With no recent reports on the sole survivor of the murder, his present whereabouts are unknown. Josh was moving, but his eyes were glazed and the left side of his head was gashed up. Josh had been left for dead with his throat slit from ear to ear, a hatchet blow to his head that fractured his skull, several stab wounds to his back that broke three of his ribs and collapsed one lung, broke his collarbone, and nearly severed his left ear. "Her hand is clinched fighting for her life with hair in it. When Josh looked at him, Hughes asked him what had happened, but Josh could only mumble. Mainly, this is a simple story of racist scapegoating at its worst. OConnors strength is his unwillingness to simply let the facts of the mishandling of Coopers case speak for themselves and rather to hammer home the police misconduct, the prosecutorial shenanigans and Coopers own defense attorneys screw ups. The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department deputies who responded to the call decided almost immediately that Kevin Cooper was the likely killer because he had admittedly hidden out in the vacant Lease house next door to the crime scene for two days (leaving on June 4th) and because he was a convenient black man in largely white San Bernardino. On a counter between the kitchen and the dining room, he saw coins and some bills in plain view next to Peggy Ryens purse. "I don't know if they think I have the answers or that it's in my head. This book is available for purchase through Amazon.com. Another transected the left carotid artery causing extensive hemorrhage and arterial blood spraying on the wall behind the water bed. What separates the two cases is that, while Mumias trial was a mockery of the justice systems standards for a fair trial, Coopers trial had the trappings of fairness but was lost long before the trial opened. Why Josh Hartnett Needed to Burn Bridges in Hollywood. Four people were brutally murdered in Chino Hills, California, in 1983. She noticed that the Ryens station wagon was gone and then drove home to ask her husband to go take a look. Joss Stone with Prince Harry in 2014. That makes me feel whole. Muddling matters even more, a vial of blood had been taken from Cooper years before due to his previous burglary crimes. She told them that he came home late the night of the murder wearing blood-drenched coveralls and that his hatchet was missing from his tool rack. It's you and me.' ?" #27. "My whole family.". In a nightstand drawer less than five feet from where Peggy Ryens body was laying, he found a loaded .22 Ruger pistol. I could see that the many years he had spent on death row, instead of diminishing him, had turned him into a person worthy of the high regard that his supporters and his attorneys at the Orrick law firm felt for him. At first, he indicated to police that there had been three assailants. Josh Ryen was the only survivor of the bloodbath that occurred in the Chino Hills home in June of 1983. Youtube/Fox. Not far from Mrs. Ryen, Chris Hughes was lying on his stomach and Josh, drenched in blood and curled up in a fetal position, was near him. His hands, wrist and arms also revealed numerous defensive wounds: his left arm was nearly severed and the second finger on his right hand was attached by a flap of skin. In June 1983, a semi-rural house in Chino Hills, California, witnessed a gruesome crime. On June 4, 1983, Doug and Peggy Ryen and their daughter Jessica were brutally murdered in their Chino Hills, Calif. home. On Feb. 22, 2019, California Gov. --2019 JA was a much bigger part of his team's success than 2018 Mitch Trubisky and 2017 Blake Bortles were to theirs. Another surgeon, Dr. Larry Habenicht, inserted an endotracheal tube in Joshs windpipe to aid his breathing. "I think they got the wrong guy.". "Cooper was there," says Josh. #JoshRosen #NFL #Bkelly Remember to smash that like button, turn them notifications on, and subscribe. Justice on Fire is OConnors detailed account of the terrible explosion that led to the firefighters deaths and the terrible injustice that followed. Each of the murder victims sustained numerous deep chopping wounds to the face and head and stabbing wounds to the body inflicted by a long knife. The cost to maintain them strapped the couple for cash. Filed under: The Ryen Russillo Podcast; Bryan Curtis on Sports Media, the Magic of Radio Row, and Podcasts vs. Radio. As anyone reading this will already know, the criminal justice system and specifically the application of the death penalty is full of racial bias. His system had literally shut down, but he was able to raise eight fingers when Guerrero asked him how old he was. ", "I'm not asking anyone to believe me," says Cooper. There have been no reports on his whereabouts or life circumstances since then. He has managed to keep his personal life under wraps and prefers to stay out of the public sphere. In another letter to Lillian, this one written in May of 1974, Peggy brimmed with enthusiasm about her plans to breed and train Arabian horses. Does he think of his family? Keep reading to find out! There would be no open caskets at these funerals. The hair that Josh is referring to is what was found in his sister Jessica's hand. Their neighbors referred to their ranches along Old English Road as the Arabian Horse Center of Southern California.. Only the Ryens station wagon had been stolen. After the murder, Josh was brought up by his maternal grandmother, Mary Howell, who won his custody in 1985. 9 Chevrolet, qualified 32nd for what will be his third Cup Series race. Additionally, the show even mentions that the survivor wrote a letter to Governor Jerry Brown requesting him to deny Kevin Coopers requests for clemency and further DNA testing. Peggy said that the property came with a gorgeous barn and huge riding ring but rotten house! On Thurday, December 9, 2021 Josh duggar was found guilty on both counts of possessing and receiving child pornography. The Ryens would never get around to fixing up the well-worn house. The decline of Ruby. Tests on the tan T-shirt, drop of blood and cigarette butts all came back linked to Kevin Cooper. Celebrity Net Worth reports that his net worth is $3 million. In another display of staging, Jessicas chest was dotted with twenty puncture wounds most likely inflicted post-mortem with an ice pick in what the medical examiner described as showing some type of pattern. Her head was twisted up so that her heavily mutilated face was visible. '48 Hours: The Troubling Case Against Kevin Cooper' paints . He sustained numerous skull fractures. Which had been pushed from it's original date of July 2nd. The defense attorney, David Negus, clearly did not know what he was doing and made mistake after mistake both procedurally and argumentatively. So I would be with him. By December Peggy had three Arabians in her backyard, one still in Olympia, and one in training about thirty-five miles away. I thought, my God, what in the hell have I come across. Josh says he doesn't remember seeing Kevin Cooper from that night - only a shadow. During Prohibition the Carbon Canyon Mineral Springs opened for business and the Los Serranos County Club soon followed, drawing both day visitors from Los Angeles and bootleggers to the isolated area. Josh Saviano was born on March 31, 1976. A special counsel commissioned by former Gov. } He sustained that injury on the opposite side of the bed from where his body was found, indicating he was mobile during part of the onslaught. When he peered through the kitchens sliding glass door, all he saw was red. This is as it has always been, since the town of San Bernardino was so named on May 20, 1810 by Father Francisco Dumetz, a Franciscan missionary, to honor the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena. If this case seems interesting and you want to find out where Josh Ryen is today, we have got you covered. But we wont sell that one Ill show it next year., Her other mare would be bred to the white stud shown in the magazine and what a movin machine well have from that cross.. Because this didnt conform to their hardened view that Cooper was the murder, they disregarded all of it. At this point the case just gets totally absurd. An episode of MTV Cribs, featuring a tour of her home, was said to have aided Liverpool and Bradshaw in their plot. In May 2019, for the first time, Moriarty visited Cooper at San. He went to the front door, but no one answered and the door was locked. During the summer of 2009, I made arrangements to interview Kevin Cooper in a visitors cell on death row at San Quentin. A knife was dragged across her back and then inserted. But so far, that's one test the State of California refuses to do. He could not at first believe what he was seeing. Josh Hamilton's post-Major League Baseball life has been disastrous. In fact, unlike Kevin Cooper, very few do. One of the knife wounds to his chest penetrated five inches through the right pleura cavity and then through the right lung. While Los Angeles County is home to the City of Angels, Hollywood, Pasadena, Brentwood, Malibu, Bel Air and Westwood, a majority of Americans could not name any city in San Bernardino County other than the county seat itself. One problem in researching a crime nearly twenty-five years after it occurred is that a number of key people involved in the investigation and trial have passed away or have retired or have simply forgotten important factual details. He stepped over her to enter the master bedroom. Jeff told me that supporters of death-row inmate Kevin Cooper whom I had not heard of -- would be attending a number of these presentations, and that they would be asking me to write a book about Kevins case. On Saturday, June 4, 1983, the Ryens and eleven-year-old Chris Hughes attended a potluck barbeque dinner with about a hundred other Arabian horse people and their families at the Chino home of George and Valerie Blade. When he later spoke to Moriarty, Josh Ryen, now in his late 20s, had few memories of that awful night. Josh Ryen originally reported seeing three attackers. Grab your Affinity Mask and use code "hook" for 20% OFF! In 1983, when he was eight years old, Josh Ryen's life changed forever. The walls were all white, but smeared with blood I mean everywhere, he told a newspaper reporter from the Daily Bulletin. What happened to Jeri Ryan after Star Trek: Voyager? Evidence used to convict Kevin Cooper is being questioned more than 35 years later. When no one answered, she tried to open the door but found it locked. These stallions are pure polish and really gorgeous animals, she wrote. 14905 posts. ", Judge Fletcher's scathing 100-page dissent. The police never tested the blood-drenched coveralls. A large crowd gathered outside San Quentin to protest the execution. I then read all the police reports, witness interviews and various newspaper accounts. Hamilton filed for divorce from his wife Katie in 2015. The biggest of these was his role as Eddie the possum . Doug, who descended from Norwegian ancestry, grew up on the outskirts of Des Moines, Iowa. A crew of six from the Chino Fire Department three paramedics and three firefighters arrived and soon began treating Josh in the master bedroom about 12:30 p.m. Josh was lying on his left side, with his head turned toward the end of the water bed. It was established at trial that the prison jacket Cooper was wearing was tan, not green. Beltz, with his gun drawn, entered through the kitchen door. By this time I was ready to begin interviewing various people involved in Coopers trial and his subsequent appeals. "He was part of it somehow. They used the $10,000 proceeds to open their own clinic in Olympia, Washington. Likewise, the misconduct in this case also began even before Cooper was pegged as the perpetrator. The medical examiner listed thirty-three separate wounds, most of them delivered with great force and destruction. "Rock star" reptile breeder murdered; Coroner: "Not a random act" In Olympia, as they would be to an even greater degree in Southern California, the horses were an economic burden. We need the DNA testing to prove something," says Mary Howell. It was a clear case of arson, and five people from Marlborough were duly convicted of the crime. Three-and-half years later, Peggy opted to venture out on her own, opening her own clinic in Santa Ana. Actor Josh Hartnett, who rose to prominence in the late 1990s, recently revealed why he turned his back on Hollywood during the peak of his career. Menu About Us; Join our family; Community; EMS; Fire Rescue Drupal theme by ThemeSnap.com, Scapegoat: The Chino Hills Murders and the Framing of Kevin Cooper, John Wayne Gacy Confessed to Killing Dozens (December 22, 1978). daboss. Only son Josh Ryen miraculously survived, having to stare at his butchered mother for hours as he himself nearly died. The California Institute for Men sits in a barren southwest corner of San Bernardino County, sandwiched between two state highways, in the town of Chino. Clifford also located a coin collection in a safety deposit box on the upper shelf of a master bedroom closet. They immediately shared custody of their four daughters -- Julia, Sierra, Michaela and Stella, per Sports Illustrated. Kevins case was quite different from Mumias, he said, in the sense that Mumia is essentially a political prisoner and Kevin was anything but. Josh Ryen, the 8-year-old son of Douglas and Peggy, had survived though his throat had been cut. Peggy Ryen, also forty-one years old, was positioned in the middle of the bedroom with her arms straight out, her left leg straight out and her right knee slightly bent inward, much as though she had been nailed to a cross. Josh Ryen, the 8-year-old son of Douglas and Peggy, had survived. Bryan joins the pod to discuss lessons learned from Fox's . Blond or brown hairs were found in the victims hands, as if torn off in a struggle, wrote Kristof in the op ed. Earlier that afternoon, Chris called home to get permission to spend the night with his friend Josh. #inline-recirc-item--id-a6052540-8c88-11e2-b06b-024c619f5c3d ~ .item:nth-child(5) { That's not right.". This bias extends not only to the race of the defendants singled out for death sentences but also to the race of the victim. Josh Ryen, now in his 40s, pleaded for further investigation in a 2004 television interview on "48 Hours": "The hair needs to be tested," he said.
Charlotte County Sheriff Arrests, Parallel Guide System For Makita Track Saw, Ncsu Graduate School Honors, Malibu Rising Ending Explained, Articles W